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Air lock problems often occur when one is trying to recommission a system after it has been deliberately (for servicing) or accidentally emptied. Take, for example, a central heating system using a circulating pump to pump water through radiators. When filling such a system, air is trapped in the radiators. This air has to be vented using screw ...
Hydronics is the name for the use of liquid water (or aqueous solutions) as the heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. The chapter on pipe sizing in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals has separate sections for "Hydronic System Piping" (as a subsection of "Water Piping") and "Steam Piping" (as its own major section).
The two-pipe reverse return configuration which is sometimes called 'the three-pipe system' is different from the two-pipe system in the way that water returns to the boiler. In a two-pipe system, once the water has left the first radiator, it returns to the boiler to be reheated, and so with the second and third etc.
Steam hammer can occur in steam systems when some of the steam condenses into water in a horizontal section of the piping. The steam forcing the liquid water along the pipe forms a "slug" which impacts a valve of pipe fitting, creating a loud hammering noise and high pressure. Vacuum caused by condensation from thermal shock can also cause a ...
In fluid dynamics, pipe network analysis is the analysis of the fluid flow through a hydraulics network, containing several or many interconnected branches. The aim is to determine the flow rates and pressure drops in the individual sections of the network. This is a common problem in hydraulic design.
Bent connecting rod after Hydrolock Same connecting rod, turned 90°. Hydrolock (a shorthand notation for hydrostatic lock or hydraulic lock) is an abnormal condition of any device which is designed to compress a gas by mechanically restraining it; most commonly the reciprocating internal combustion engine, the case this article refers to unless otherwise noted.
Since most air-conditioning and water distribution systems only reach peak load for limited periods, energy is wasted by continually running the pumps at a fixed speed. In variable-flow hydronic systems, reducing pump speed or staging of pumps with boilers and chillers to suit part-load conditions is an energy efficient method of control. [5]
The Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials to govern the installation, inspection and maintenance of HVAC (heating, ventilating and air-conditioning) and refrigeration systems. It is designated as an American National Standard.