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Sometimes, the viruses cause mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks. However, they can also cause more troublesome forms of herpes simplex. As neurotropic and neuroinvasive viruses , HSV-1 and -2 persist in the body by hiding from the immune system in the cell bodies of neurons , particularly in sensory ganglia.
Herpes simplex, often known simply as herpes, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. [5] Herpes infections are categorized by the area of the body that is infected. The two major types of herpes are oral herpes and genital herpes , though other forms also exist.
Genital herpes is a herpes infection of the genitals caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). [1] Most people either have no or mild symptoms and thus do not know they are infected. [1] When symptoms do occur, they typically include small blisters that break open to form painful ulcers. [1]
The virus may periodically reactivate to create another outbreak of sores in the mouth or lip. [1] The cause is usually herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and occasionally herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). [1] The infection is typically spread between people by direct non-sexual contact. [5]
Herpes gladiatorum is one of the most infectious of herpes-caused diseases, and is transmissible by skin-to-skin contact. The disease was first described in the 1960s in the New England Journal of Medicine. It is caused by contagious infection with human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), [1] which more commonly causes oral herpes (cold sores).
About 90% of cases of herpes encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the same virus that causes cold sores. According to a 2006 estimate, 57% of American adults were infected with HSV-1, [ 3 ] which is spread through droplets, casual contact and sometimes sexual contact, though most infected people never have cold sores.
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For Herpes simplex virus 2, subclinical shedding may account for most of the transmission. [7] Studies on discordant partners (one infected, one not) show that the transmission rate is approximately 5 per 10,000 sexual contacts. [9] Atypical symptoms are often attributed to other causes, such as a yeast infection. [5] [10]