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The Stimson Doctrine is the policy of nonrecognition of states created as a result of a war of aggression. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The policy was implemented by the United States government , enunciated in a note of January 7, 1932, to the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China , of nonrecognition of international territorial changes imposed by force.
Non-recognition is the practice and legal obligation not to extend diplomatic recognition to annexations or de facto states created through violation of international law. It is a counterpart to the rejection of right of conquest in modern international law and the jus cogens norm of prohibition on the acquisition of territory through force .
The doctrine of non-recognition of illegal or immoral situations, like territorial gains achieved by force, is called the Stimson Doctrine, and has become more important since the Second World War, especially in the United Nations where it is a method of ensuring compliance with international law – for instance, in the case of Rhodesia in
In the Baltic states the court rulings were accepted within the general lines of the Western non-recognition policy (see Stimson Doctrine). Notably, the Estonian Internal Security Service emphasized the importance of the decisions in its 2006 yearbook. [117]
The Hallstein Doctrine (German: Hallstein-Doktrin), named after Walter Hallstein, was a key principle in the foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1955 to 1970. As usually presented, it prescribed that the Federal Republic would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any state that recognized the ...
Entities that are recognised by only a minority of the world's states usually reference the declarative doctrine to legitimise their claims. [ 4 ] In many situations, international non-recognition is influenced by the presence of a foreign military force in the territory of the contested entity, making the description of the country's de facto ...
Welles Declaration, July 23, 1940 The Baltic states today. The Welles Declaration was a diplomatic statement issued on July 23, 1940, by Sumner Welles, the acting US Secretary of State, condemning the June 1940 occupation by the Soviet army of the three Baltic countries – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – and refusing to diplomatically recognize their subsequent annexation into the Soviet ...
Ex injuria jus non oritur (Latin for "law (or right) does not arise from injustice") is a principle of international law. [1] The phrase implies that "illegal acts do not create law". [2] This principle was used to create the Stimson Doctrine. The rival principle is ex factis jus oritur, in which the existence of facts creates law. [3]