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The electroless deposition and electroplating bath actively performs cathodic and anodic reactions at the surface of the substrate. [2] [3] The standard electrode potential of the metal and reducing agent are important as a driving force for electron exchange. [3] The standard potential is defined as the power of reduction of compounds.
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD), is a term for a broad range of industrial processes which includes electrocoating, cathodic electrodeposition, anodic electrodeposition, and electrophoretic coating, or electrophoretic painting.
Electroplating, also known as electrochemical deposition or electrodeposition, is a process for producing a metal coating on a solid substrate through the reduction of cations of that metal by means of a direct electric current.
During 1954–1959, a team led by Gregorie Gutzeit at General American Transportation Corporation greatly developed the process, determining the optimum parameters and concentrations of the bath, and introducing many important additives to speed up the deposition rate and prevent unwanted reactions, such as spontaneous deposition. They also ...
A Watts bath, named for its inventor Oliver Patterson Watts, is an aqueous electrolyte solution for plating nickel from a nickel anode. It can deposit both bright and semi-bright nickel. Bright nickel is typically used for decorative purposes and corrosion protection.
Cathodic stripping voltammetry is a voltammetric method for quantitative determination of specific ionic species. [6] It is similar to the trace analysis method anodic stripping voltammetry , except that for the plating step, the potential is held at an oxidizing potential, and the oxidized species are stripped from the electrode by sweeping ...
The supposed benefits of cold water immersion include reducing inflammation, relieving muscle soreness, aiding with recovery after exercise, boosting immunity and improving sleep, among others.
Orthophosphate ions decrease bath throwing power and deposit ductility at concentrations above 40–60 g/L, and they lead to lower solution conductivity, banded deposits, and lower bright current density range at concentrations beyond 100 g/L. Orthophosphate is removed from the bath by either doing partial bails and dilutions or by completely ...