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Amorphous steel is limited to foils of about 50 μm thickness. The mechanical properties of amorphous steel make stamping laminations for electric motors difficult. Since amorphous ribbon can be cast to any specific width under roughly 13 inches and can be sheared with relative ease, it is a suitable material for wound electrical transformer cores.
Laminated cores always have a stacking factor less than unity; a stacking factor of unity implies no laminate at all. Stacking factors are typically 0.95 or higher for transformer cores [4] and machine stators. [5] However, cores made from amorphous metal have a stacking factor of around 0.8, compared to 0.96 for silicon steel. [1]
Hardness comparison table. Brinell HB (10 mm Ball, 3000 kg load) Vickers HV (5 kg) Rockwell C HRC (120 degree cone 150 kg) Rockwell B HRB (1/16" ball 100 kg)
Direct bonding, or fusion bonding, is a wafer bonding process without any additional intermediate layers. It is based on chemical bonds between two surfaces of any material possible meeting numerous requirements. [1]
Strip of permalloy. Permalloy is a nickel–iron magnetic alloy, with about 80% nickel and 20% iron content.Invented in 1914 by physicist Gustav Elmen at Bell Telephone Laboratories, [1] it is notable for its very high magnetic permeability, which makes it useful as a magnetic core material in electrical and electronic equipment, and also in magnetic shielding to block magnetic fields.
An amorphous metal transformer (AMT) is a type of energy efficient transformer found on electric grids. [1] The magnetic core of this transformer is made with a ferromagnetic amorphous metal . The typical material ( Metglas ) is an alloy of iron with boron , silicon , and phosphorus in the form of thin (e.g. 25 μm) foils rapidly cooled from melt.
A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. These semiconductors form for example in periodic table groups 13–15 (old groups III–V), for example of elements from the Boron group (old group III, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium) and from group 15 (old group V, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth).
Ferrosilicon is used as a source of silicon to reduce metals from their oxides and to deoxidize steel and other ferrous alloys. This prevents the loss of carbon from the molten steel (so called blocking the heat); ferromanganese, spiegeleisen, calcium silicides, and many other materials are used for the same purpose. [5]