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The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one and the same underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people." [5] The AAA also stated:
The term Hispanic has been the source of several debates in the United States. Within the United States, the term originally referred typically to the Hispanos of New Mexico until the U.S. government used it in the 1970 Census to refer to "a person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race."
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
Hispanic origin is independent of race and is termed "ethnicity" by the United States Census Bureau. On the 2020 United States census, 20.3% of Hispanics selected "White" as their race. This marked a large drop when compared to the 2010 United States census in which 53.0% of Hispanics identified as "White". [80]
The Three Races or Equality before the Law, c. 1859, Francisco Laso, Peru De español é india, produce mestizo "from Spanish man and Indian woman comes mestizo."(Pintura de castas, c. 1780), unknown author, Mexico De negro é india sale lobo "from black man and Indian woman comes 'wolf' ()."
13.6% of US-born Mexican men and 17.4% of US-born Mexican women were married to Mexico-born Mexicans. [ 144 ] In addition, based on 2000 data, there is a significant amount of ethnic absorption of ethnic Mexicans into the mainstream population with 16% of the children of mixed marriages not being identified in the census as Mexican.
Because of the technical distinctions involved in defining "race" vs. "ethnicity", there is confusion among the general population about the designation of Hispanic identity. Currently, the United States Census Bureau defines six race categories: [46] White or Caucasian; Black or African American; American Indian or Alaska Native; Asian
Many countries and national censuses currently enumerate or have previously enumerated their populations by race, ethnicity, nationality, or a combination of these characteristics. [1] [2] Different countries have different classifications and census options for race and ethnicity/nationality which are not comparable with data from other countries.