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According to dictionary definitions, racism is prejudice and discrimination based on race. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] Racism can also be said to describe a condition in society in which a dominant racial group benefits from the oppression of others, whether that group wants such benefits or not. [ 48 ]
Institutional racism, also known as systemic racism, is a form of institutional discrimination based on race or ethnic group and can include policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization that result in and support a continued unfair advantage to some people and unfair or harmful treatment of others.
In 1989, Crenshaw coined the term intersectionality in her essay "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Anti-discrimination Doctrine Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics" as a way to help explain the oppression of African-American women.
Discrimination on the basis of nationality is usually included in employment laws [47] (see above section for employment discrimination specifically). It is sometimes referred to as bound together with racial discrimination [48] although it can be separate. It may vary from laws that stop refusals of hiring based on nationality, asking ...
Critical race theory has stirred controversy in the United States for promoting the use of narrative in legal studies, advocating "legal instrumentalism" as opposed to ideal-driven uses of the law, and encouraging legal scholars to promote racial equity. [154] Before 1993, the term "critical race theory" was not part of public discourse. [28]
The term “racial gatekeepers” describes public figures of ethnic minority backgrounds who support policies that disenfranchise marginalised groups, but manage to evade criticism for doing so ...
Before Crenshaw coined her definition of intersectionality, there was a debate on what these societal categories were. The once definite borders between the categories of gender, race, and class have instead fused into a multidimensional intersection of "race" that now includes religion, sexuality, ethnicities, etc.
Kennedy Mitchum expected little in return after emailing Merriam- Webster about its standing definition of the word racism. The 22-year-old was surprised to receive a response from the editor of ...