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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), also known as dimethylpolysiloxane or dimethicone, is a silicone polymer with a wide variety of uses, from cosmetics to industrial lubrication and passive daytime radiative cooling. [1] [2] [3] PDMS is particularly known for its unusual rheological (or flow) properties.
Polydimethylsiloxane is a prevalent siloxane. In organosilicon chemistry, a siloxane is an organic compound containing a functional group of two silicon atoms bound to an oxygen atom: Si−O−Si. The parent siloxanes include the oligomeric and polymeric hydrides with the formulae H[OSiH 2] n OH and [OSiH 2] n. [1]
Polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate (PMSPH), or methylsilicic acid hydrogel (brand name — Enterosgel), is an enterosorbent [1] used for binding and removing various toxic substances, infectious agents and metabolites from the gastrointestinal tract.
When applied to a surface of a material, the nanoparticles adhere to the host material and prevent liquids from permeating the rough texture. The water only comes into contact with the tips of the nanoparticles coating the outside of the material. Due to lack of attraction, the water is repelled from the hydrophobic silica. [3]
The adult human body averages ~53% water. [7] This varies substantially by age, sex, and adiposity. In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for water fraction by weight was found to be 48 ±6% for females and 58 ±8% water for males. [8]
"The majority of the adult body is water, up to 60% of your weight," says Schnoll-Sussman, adding that the average person's weight can fluctuate one to five pounds per day due to water.
Consumer products to control flatulence often contain silicone oil. [citation needed] Silicone oils have been used as a vitreous fluid substitute to treat difficult cases of retinal detachment, such as those complicated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, large retinal tears, and penetrating ocular trauma. [4]
It is insoluble in methanol, ethanol, and water. [2] Thermal grease often consists of a silicone-grease base, along with added thermally conductive fillers. It is used for heat-transfer abilities, rather than friction reduction. Pure silicone grease is widely used by the plumbing industry in faucets and seals, as well as in dental equipment.