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A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line (c-line), central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into a large vein. It is a form of venous access. Placement of larger catheters in more centrally located veins is often needed in critically ill patients, or in those requiring prolonged ...
It is usually the result of an infected heart valve, a central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), an infected blood clot (suppurative thrombophlebitis), or an infected blood vessel graft. [36] Persistent bacteremia can also occur as part of the infection process of typhoid fever, brucellosis, and bacterial meningitis. Left ...
Risk of infection is mitigated during insertion through use of sterile technique and proper catheter care after insertion which includes keeping the area of the catheter clean, washing of hands prior to use, and application of clean dressings. In the event of a central line infection, the line is removed and appropriate antimicrobial agents are ...
A central IV line poses a higher risk of sepsis, as it can deliver bacteria directly into the central circulation. A line which has been in place for a longer period of time also increases the risk of infection. [32]: 358, 373 Inflammation of the vein may also occur, called thrombophlebitis or simply phlebitis. This may be caused by infection ...
Most common complications with venous access are catheter related infections, thrombophlebitis and venous thrombosis. If having thrombophlebitis or thrombosis; pain when using the access is another complication. Peripheral venous access is least prone to thrombosis, followed by midline catheters and the centrally placed catheters.
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The most common complications are: catheter blockage (7.4%), and catheter-related infection (5.6%). Other complications are: malpositioning of the catheter, venous thrombosis, catheter leak or dislodgement. [3] The common carotid artery may be injured during the puncture of the internal jugular vein as the artery lies close to the vein.
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