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Geologic Time Spiral Historical geology or palaeogeology is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth . [ 1 ] Historical geology examines the vastness of geologic time, measured in billions of years, and investigates changes in the Earth , gradual and sudden, over this deep time .
The Paleozoic (/ ˌ p æ l i. ə ˈ z oʊ. ɪ k,-i. oʊ-, ˌ p eɪ-/ PAL-ee-ə-ZOH-ik, -ee-oh-, PAY-; [1] or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. . Beginning 538.8 million years ago (Ma), it succeeds the Neoproterozoic (the last era of the Proterozoic Eon) and ends 251.9 Ma at the start of the Mesozoic Er
Many crown node eukaryotes (from which the modern-day eukaryotic lineages would have arisen) have been approximately dated to around the time of the Paleoproterozoic Era. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] While there is some debate as to the exact time at which eukaryotes evolved, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] current understanding places it somewhere in this era.
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (c. 3.3 million – c. 11,700 years ago) (/ ˌ p eɪ l i oʊ ˈ l ɪ θ ɪ k, ˌ p æ l i-/ PAY-lee-oh-LITH-ik, PAL-ee-), also called the Old Stone Age (from Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós) 'old' and λίθος (líthos) 'stone'), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost ...
It spans the period of time . The era is defined chronometrically and is not referenced to a specific level of a rock section on Earth . The earliest confirmed evidence of life comes from this era, and Vaalbara , one of Earth's earliest supercontinents , may have formed during this era.
Palaeozoology, also spelled as Paleozoology (Greek: παλαιόν, palaeon "old" and ζῷον, zoon "animal"), is the branch of paleontology, paleobiology, or zoology dealing with the recovery and identification of multicellular animal remains from geological (or even archeological) contexts, and the use of these fossils in the reconstruction of prehistoric environments and ancient ecosystems.
The simplest definition of "paleontology" is "the study of ancient life". [5] The field seeks information about several aspects of past organisms: "their identity and origin, their environment and evolution, and what they can tell us about the Earth's organic and inorganic past".
Paleomagnetic data continues to extend the history of plate tectonics back in time, constraining the ancient position and movement of continents and continental fragments . The field of paleomagnetism also encompasses equivalent measurements of samples from other Solar System bodies, such as Moon rocks and meteorites , where it is used to ...