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There is a high level of control over color matching, and multiple colors can be printed simultaneously. Unlike screen printing, digital ceramic printing on glass does not require screens and the files are stored digitally making printing of all sizes and replacement of any panel simple, in high resolution, full color. [3]
Screen printing may be adapted to printing on a variety of materials, from paper, cloth, and canvas to rubber, glass, and metal. Artists have used the technique to print on bottles, on slabs of granite, directly onto walls, and to reproduce images on textiles which would distort under pressure from printing presses.
The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German author and actor Alois Senefelder and was initially used mostly for musical scores and maps. [3] [4] Lithography can be used to print text or images onto paper or other suitable material. [5]
Printing techniques and digital manipulation of art and photography are used in what is known as "custom tile printing". Dye sublimation printers , inkjet printers and ceramic inks and toners permit printing on a variety of tile types yielding photographic-quality reproduction. [ 21 ]
The technology of transfer printing spread to Asia as well. Kawana ware in Japan developed in the late Edo period and was a type of blue-and-white porcelain. Burleigh, made in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, is the last pottery in the world to still use transfer printing on its ceramics. [17] [18]
Pad printing (also called tampography) is a printing process that can transfer a 2-D image onto a 3-D object (e.g., a ceramic pottery). This is accomplished using an indirect offset ( gravure ) printing process that involves an image being transferred from the cliché via a silicone pad onto a substrate .
The key advantage of this type of ceramic material is the versatility afforded by the use of polymeric precursors in terms of processing and shaping. Polymer derived ceramics can be additively manufactured (3D printed) by means of fused filament fabrication , [ 4 ] stereolithography that uses photopolymerization of preceramic polymers . [ 5 ]
Photos – digital printing has revolutionized photo printing in terms of the ability to retouch and color correct a photograph before printing. Architectural Design – new media that conforms to a variety of surfaces has enabled interior and exterior spaces to be transformed using digitally printed wall murals and floor graphics.