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Grinding is a subset of cutting, as grinding is a true metal-cutting process. Each grain of abrasive functions as a microscopic single-point cutting edge (although of high negative rake angle), and shears a tiny chip that is analogous to what would conventionally be called a "cut" chip (turning, milling, drilling, tapping, etc.) [citation needed].
A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, motor grader, or simply blade, is a form of heavy equipment with a long blade used to create a flat surface during grading. Although the earliest models were towed behind horses, and later tractors , most modern graders are self-propelled and thus technically "motor graders".
The main features of the cutting edge are: form of the cutting edge: radius or waterfall or trumpet (reverse waterfall) cutting edge angles; form and size of the chamfers; The measurement of the cutting edge is performed using a tactile instrument or an instrument using focus variation. To quantify a cutting edge the following parameters are ...
Sharpness refers to the ability of a blade, point, or cutting implement to cut through materials with minimal force, and can more specifically be defined as the capacity of a surface to initiate the cut. [1] Sharpness depends on factors such as the edge angle, edge width, and the fineness of the cutting edge, and is aided by material hardness.
Each cutting edge is ground at a slight angle and with a slight undercut below the cutting edge. Reamers must combine both hardness in the cutting edges, for long life, and toughness, so that the tool does not fail under the normal forces of use. They should only be used to remove small amounts of material.
Machinability is the ease with which a metal can be cut permitting the removal of the material with a satisfactory finish at low cost. [1] Materials with good machinability (free machining materials) require little power to cut, can be cut quickly, easily obtain a good finish, and do not cause significant wear on the tooling.
During normal use, cutting edges either wear and/or chip. The geometric features of cutting tools can be automatically measured within the CNC tool grinder and the tool ground to return cutting surfaces to optimal condition. Significant software advancements have allowed CNC tool and cutter grinders to be utilized in a wide range of industries.
The built up edge effectively changes tool geometry and rake steepness. It also reduces the contact area between the chip and the cutting tool, [1] leading to: A reduction in the power demand of the cutting operation. [1] Slight increase in tool life, since the cutting is partly being done by the built up edge rather than the tool itself. [4]