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The Caledonian orogeny was a mountain-building cycle recorded in the northern parts of the British Isles, the Scandinavian Caledonides, Svalbard, eastern Greenland and parts of north-central Europe. The Caledonian orogeny encompasses events that occurred from the Ordovician to Early Devonian , roughly 490–390 million years ago ( Ma ).
The Caledonian Wilson cycle commenced with the continental break-up of Rodinia [17] and the opening of the Iapetus ocean about 616–583 Ma ago. [18] [19] [20] The Iapetus was at its widest in the Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician [21] [1] before it began to close by subduction of Iapetus oceanic crust along the Gondawanan and Laurentian margins starting between 500 and 488 Ma ago.
Reconstruction showing the collision of three paleocontinents during Caledonian orogeny approximately 390 million years ago. The red line shows where the Iapetus Suture extends through present-day Ireland and Great Britain. A related suture through Denmark, Poland and Ukraine is the Trans-European Suture Zone.
Ouachita orogeny – Mountain-building event that resulted in the Ouachita Mountains Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas and Oklahoma is an orogenic belt that dates from the late Paleozoic Era and is most likely a continuation of the Appalachian orogeny west across the Mississippi embayment – Reelfoot Rift zone. Antler orogeny – Tectonic event ...
During the late Silurian and early Devonian the Caledonian Orogeny occurred with episodes of uplift and erosion leaving unconformities. [3] The Caledonian event occurred due to the collision of three land masses – Laurentia, Baltica, and Avalonia – which would eventually lead to the creation of Pangea. [5]
The south-eastern part of the zone, now largely concealed by deep sedimentary basins, developed through Variscan and Alpine orogenic events. Various branches of the TESZ go under different names: The Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TTZ) in Ukraine and Poland. The Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) through Scania (Sweden), Kattegat, and North Jutland ...
The Carreg Cennen Disturbance is a zone of geological faults and folds in south and mid Wales which forms a part of both the Church Stretton Fault Zone and the Welsh Borderland Fault System. To the southwest it is known as the 'Llandyfaelog Disturbance'.
Rocks in central and western Finland originated or were emplaced during the Svecokarelian orogeny. [1] Following this last orogeny rapakivi granites intruded various locations of Finland during the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, especially in Åland and in the southeast. [1] Jotnian sediments occur usually together with rapakivi granites. [3]