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Overall, air pollution causes the deaths of around ca. 7 million people worldwide each year, and is the world's largest single environmental health risk, according to the WHO (2012) and the IEA (2016). [33] [34] [35]
Underweight births and intrauterine growth restrictions cause 2.2 million child deaths a year. Poor or non-existent breastfeeding causes another 1.4 million. Other deficiencies, such as lack of vitamin A or zinc, for example, account for 1 million. Malnutrition in the first two years is irreversible.
The combination of direct and indirect deaths from malnutrition caused by unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene practices is estimated to lead to 860,000 deaths per year in children under five years of age. [6]
Disability-adjusted life year for nutritional deficiencies per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002. Nutritional deficiencies included: protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia. [1]
Insufficient food intake and poor eating habits are common among older people. Most of California’s deaths from malnutrition last year occurred in people 85 and up.
Undernutrition is a contributory factor in the death of 3.1 million children under five every year. [5] The results also demonstrates that as global hunger levels have stabilized, however, despite some progress in specific areas such as stunting and exclusive breastfeeding, an alarming number of people still face food insecurity and malnutrition.
World map of infant mortality rates in 2017. Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday. [1] The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. [1]
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency. It can occur in anyone with severe malnutrition but usually occurs in children. Body weight is reduced to less than 62% of the normal (expected) body weight for the age. [1] Marasmus occurrence increases before age 1, whereas kwashiorkor occurrence increases after 18 ...