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English Gothic stained glass windows were an important feature of English Gothic architecture, which appeared between the late 12th and late 16th centuries.They evolved from narrow windows filled with a mosaic of deeply-coloured pieces of glass into gigantic windows that filled entire walls, with a full range of colours and more naturalistic figures.
Medieval stained glass is the colored and painted glass of medieval Europe from the 10th century to the 16th century. For much of this period stained glass windows were the major pictorial art form, particularly in northern France, Germany and England, where windows tended to be larger than in southern Europe (in Italy, for example, frescos were more common).
The colored glass is crafted into stained glass windows in which small pieces of glass are arranged to form patterns or pictures, held together (traditionally) by strips of lead, called cames or calms, and supported by a rigid frame. Painted details and yellow stain are often used to enhance the design.
The stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral are held to be one of the best-preserved and most complete set of medieval stained glass, notably celebrated for their colours, especially their cobalt blue. They cover 2600 square metres in total and consist of 172 bays illustrating biblical scenes, the lives of the saints and scenes from the ...
The windows depicted the history of the Hebrew people, and finally connected the Biblical Kings with the reign of the window's patron, Louis IX. The King was depicted in the windows carrying the crown of Christ. [13] The windows of Sainte-Chapelle are believed to have been made by three different workshops, with slightly different styles. [13]
During 1889-90 twenty-six windows were repaired and re-leaded. [11] During the Second World War, the stained glass windows were removed and stored in a cellar for safekeeping from 1939 to 1945. [12] [13] A conservation and restoration programme began in 1988 and finished in 2010. [14] Clear glass now protects the old glass. [15]
Detail of 12th-century stained glass window in Strasbourg Cathedral; black and white paint has been used on the coloured glass. Secondly it refers to stained glass, used for windows. Here the design is made up using sheets of coloured glass, cut to shape and held in place by lead. The painting is the final stage, typically only in black. [2]
In the mid-19th century, Lavers, Barraud and Westlake were among many young designers who responded to the growing market for stained glass windows. The partnership initially comprised Nathaniel Wood Lavers (1828–1911) and Francis Philip Barraud (1824–1900). [note 1] Both were originally employed at the workshops of James Powell and Sons.