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Workplace aggression is a specific type of aggression which occurs in the workplace. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Workplace aggression is any type of hostile behavior that occurs in the workplace. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] [ 4 ] It can range from verbal insults and threats to physical violence, and it can occur between coworkers, supervisors, and subordinates.
Perline & Goldschmidt define two types of workplace violence: 1) Object-focused workplace violence is violence that occurs to obtain some object, such as money, drugs, jewelry, etc., and 2) non-object-focused violence, which is emotionally based, and mostly associated with anger. Anger generally requires frustration and perceived injustice.
Workplace bullying is a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes physical and/or emotional harm. It includes verbal , nonverbal , psychological , and physical abuse , as well as humiliation .
Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is employee's behavior that goes against the legitimate interests of an organization. [1] This behavior can harm the organization, other people within it, and other people and organizations outside it, including employers, other employees, suppliers, clients, patients and citizens.
However, violence does occur in the context of industrial disputes. When violence has been committed by, or in the name of, the union, it has tended to be narrowly focused upon targets which are associated with the employer. [1] Violence was greater in conflicts in which there was a question of whether union recognition would be extended. [1]
Workplace incivility has been defined as low-intensity deviant behavior with ambiguous intent to harm the target. Uncivil behaviors are characteristically rude and discourteous , displaying a lack of regard for others. [ 1 ]
Non clinical workers are also assaulted, for example, security guards, cleaners, clerks, technicians. [1] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration used 2013 Bureau of Labor Statistics and reported that healthcare workplace violence requiring days absent from work from patients represented 80% of cases. [2]
Violence in labor disputes may be the result of unreasonable polarization, or miscalculation. It may be willful and provoked, or senseless and tragic. On some occasions, violence in labor disputes may be purposeful and calculated, [2] for example the hiring and deployment of goon squads to intimidate, threaten or even assault strikers.