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  2. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors

    On the other hand, by definition, any nonzero vector that satisfies this condition is an eigenvector of A associated with λ. So, the set E is the union of the zero vector with the set of all eigenvectors of A associated with λ , and E equals the nullspace of ( A − λI ).

  3. Biological data visualization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_data_visualization

    Functional genomics: In functional genomics research, sequence alignment visualization is employed to study gene expression, regulatory elements, and protein-protein interactions. By visualizing sequence alignments in the context of functional annotations and gene networks, researchers can elucidate the biological functions and regulatory ...

  4. Principal component analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis

    Principal component analysis (PCA) is a linear dimensionality reduction technique with applications in exploratory data analysis, visualization and data preprocessing.. The data is linearly transformed onto a new coordinate system such that the directions (principal components) capturing the largest variation in the data can be easily identified.

  5. Plot (graphics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_(graphics)

    It was developed for use in medical research as a means of graphically representing a meta-analysis of the results of randomized controlled trials. In the last twenty years, similar meta-analytical techniques have been applied in observational studies (e.g. environmental epidemiology ) and forest plots are often used in presenting the results ...

  6. Spectral graph theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_graph_theory

    In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix.

  7. Modes of variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modes_of_variation

    In statistics, modes of variation [1] are a continuously indexed set of vectors or functions that are centered at a mean and are used to depict the variation in a population or sample. Typically, variation patterns in the data can be decomposed in descending order of eigenvalues with the directions represented by the corresponding eigenvectors ...

  8. Principal component regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_regression

    The eigenvectors to be used for regression are usually selected using cross-validation. The estimated regression coefficients (having the same dimension as the number of selected eigenvectors) along with the corresponding selected eigenvectors are then used for predicting the outcome for a future observation.

  9. Spectral theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_theory

    In mathematics, spectral theory is an inclusive term for theories extending the eigenvector and eigenvalue theory of a single square matrix to a much broader theory of the structure of operators in a variety of mathematical spaces. [1] It is a result of studies of linear algebra and the solutions of systems of linear equations and their ...