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The inflammatory component is thought responsible for the symptoms of EPM; anti-inflammatory drugs that target the IL-6 pathway have been particularly effective at reversing symptoms. However, there is no vaccine to cure EPM. There are several ways that horse owners can potentially lessen the chances of their horse(s) getting EPM.
Neospora hughesi is an obligate protozoan apicomplexan parasite that causes myelitis and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses, and has only been documented in North America. [1] EPM is a neurological disease from lesions in the spinal cord , brain stem , or brain from parasites such as N. hughesi or Sarcocystis neurona . [ 2 ]
Early clinical signs of EPM include stumbling and frequent interference, which can often be mistaken for lameness of thoracic and/or pelvic limbs in horses. In horses, the disease often progresses gradually and includes clinical signs such as ataxia. In some horses mild clinical signs may herald a rapidly progressive disease course.
Ponazuril (), sold by Merial, Inc., [1] now part of Boehringer Ingelheim, [2] under the trade name Marquis (15% w/w ponazuril), is a drug currently approved for the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses, caused by coccidia Sarcocystis neurona.
The accompanying book, Andes to Amazon: A Guide to Wild South America by Michael Bright, was published by BBC Books on 2 November 2000 in a hardcover edition (ISBN 0-563-53705-1) and on 4 April 2002 in a paperback edition (ISBN 0-563-53495-8). On 20 November 2000 a CD was released with a compilation of the incidental music in Andes to Amazon.
Luis Ortega’s absurdist comedy “Kill the Jockey,” which plays in Venice competition, is set in Argentina’s horse-racing community. “It’s a wild, wild world,” he tells Variety.
It's basically a contact kill,” Cole said. “If it touches them, it's going to kill them, but it's not going to be there for you to see down the road.” Horry County began spraying aerially on ...
Invasive species are a serious threat to the native biodiversity of South America and are an ongoing cost to South American agriculture. South America is an important region for the world's biodiversity, and includes a wide variety of native species, many of which provide medicinal uses. [1] Introduced species in South America, have the ...