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All of these uridine-rich snRNA, with the exception of U7, form the core of the spliceosome. Splicing, or the removal of introns, is a major aspect of post-transcriptional modification, and takes place only in the nucleus of eukaryotes. U7 snRNA has been found to function in histone pre-mRNA processing. [citation needed]
An unusual guide snoRNA U85 that functions in both 2′-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridylation of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) U5 has been identified. [14] This composite snoRNA contains both C/D and H/ACA box domains and associates with the proteins specific to each class of snoRNA (fibrillarin and Gar1p, respectively).
U2 spliceosomal snRNAs are a species of small nuclear RNA molecules found in the major spliceosomal (Sm) machinery of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. In vivo, U2 snRNA along with its associated polypeptides assemble to produce the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (), an essential component of the major spliceosomal complex. [1]
U1 spliceosomal RNA is the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of U1 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein), an RNA-protein complex that combines with other snRNPs, unmodified pre-mRNA, and various other proteins to assemble a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which splicing of pre-mRNA occurs.
In molecular biology, Pyrococcus C/D box small nucleolar RNA are non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules identified in the archaeal genus Pyrococcus which function in the modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA).
The RNA sequence of U6 is the most highly conserved across species of all five of the snRNAs involved in the spliceosome, [1] suggesting that the function of the U6 snRNA has remained both crucial and unchanged through evolution. It is common in vertebrate genomes to find many copies of the U6 snRNA gene or U6-derived pseudogenes. [2]
This variant class of snRNPs includes: U11 snRNA, U12 snRNA, U4atac snRNA, and U6atac snRNA. While different, they perform the same functions as do U1, U2, U4, and U6, respectively. [5] Additionally, U7 snRNP is made of U7 small nuclear RNA and associated proteins and is involved in the processing of the 3′ stem-loop of histone pre-mRNA. [1]
U5 snRNA is a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) that participates in RNA splicing as a component of the spliceosome.It forms the U5 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) by associating with several proteins including Prp8 - the largest and most conserved protein in the spliceosome, Brr2 - a helicase required for spliceosome activation, Snu114, and the 7 Sm proteins. [1]