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Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy. The therapy targets immune checkpoints , key regulators of the immune system that when stimulated can dampen the immune response to an immunologic stimulus.
This checkpoint is the target of Merck & Co.'s melanoma drug Keytruda, which gained FDA approval in September 2014. The checkpoint is also the target of EMD Serono (Merck KGaA)'s drug Bavencio, which gained FDA approval in 2017. An advantage of targeting PD-1 is that it can restore immune function in the tumor microenvironment.
[5] [10] Immunotherapy with these immune checkpoint inhibitors appears to shrink tumours in a higher number of patients across a wider range of tumour types and is associated with lower toxicity levels than other immunotherapies, with durable responses. [5] However, de-novo and acquired resistance is still seen in a large proportion of patients ...
Between 5.7 and 9.1% of individuals treated with ipilimumab develop checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis. [35] Individual cases of severe neurologic disorders following ipilimumab have been observed, including acute inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy and an ascending motor paralysis, and myasthenia gravis. [36]
An immune checkpoint regulator is a modulator of the immune system, that allows initiation of a productive immune response and prevents the onset of autoimmunity. Examples of such a molecule are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152), which is an inhibitory receptor found on immune cells and programmed cell death 1 (CD279), which has an important role in down-regulating the immune ...
The prevalence of checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis varies depending on the regimen of immunotherapy. The incidence is 0.7 – 1.6% for anti- programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) agents, 5.7 – 9.1% for anti- cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and about 13.6% for combination therapy. [ 2 ]
A Minnesota couple has reportedly been sentenced to four years after they locked their children in cages for "their safety." The couple was arrested and charged with 16 counts in June 2023. They ...
Immutep's first Phase I study of efti in cancer patients was an open-label study in 21 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, with the drug being used as a monotherapy. [5] These patients were known to be immunocompromised. The study, which began in late 2005, saw the patients administered ascending doses of efti (up to 30 mg per ...