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[49] [50] [51] However, modern scholars state "devotion" is a misleading and incomplete translation of bhakti. [ 52 ] [ 53 ] Many contemporary scholars have questioned this terminology, and most now trace the term bhakti as one of the several spiritual perspectives that emerged from reflections on the Vedic context and Hindu way of life.
In India, a devadasi is a female artist who is dedicated to the worship and service of a deity or a temple for the rest of her life. [3] [4] The dedication takes place in a ceremony that is somewhat similar to a marriage ceremony.
The worshiping and devotees peaked during the Tang period, when she emerged particularly as the protectress of women, and was revered as the representative of the female ideal. [ 7 ] [ page needed ] Since the Song dynasty, Xiwang mu's sect within official Taoism has been increasingly supplanted by that of other goddesses.
Upasakas praying in Yangon, Myanmar.. Upāsaka or Upāsikā are from the Sanskrit and Pāli words for "attendant". [1] This is the title of followers of Buddhism (or, historically, of Gautama Buddha) who are not monks, nuns, or novice monastics in a Buddhist order, and who undertake certain vows. [2]
A nun is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service and contemplation, [1] typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery or convent. [2]
Devi identifies herself in the Devi Upanishad as Brahman in her reply to the gods stating that she rules the world, blesses devotees with riches, that she is the supreme deity to whom all worship is to be offered and that she infuses Ātman in every soul. [23] Devi asserts that she is the creator of earth and heaven and resides there. [13]
Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya or Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam (Urdu: اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ) is the largest Islamic encyclopedia published in Urdu by University of the Punjab. Originally it is a translated, expanded and revised version of Encyclopedia of Islam. Its composition began in the 1950s at University of the Punjab.
Zenana (Persian: زنانه, "of the women" or "pertaining to women"; [1] Urdu: زنانہ; Bengali: জেনানা; Hindi: ज़नाना) is the part of a house belonging to a Muslim family in the Indian subcontinent, which is reserved for the women of the household. [2]