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Natural bitumen pitch, from the tar pit above the McKittrick Oil Field, Kern County, California. Pitch is a viscoelastic polymer which can be natural or manufactured, derived from petroleum, coal tar, [1] or plants. Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt, while plant-derived pitch, a resin, is known as rosin in its solid ...
Rosin (/ ˈ r ɒ z ɪ n /), also known as colophony or Greek pitch (Latin: pix graeca), is a resinous material obtained from pine trees and other plants, mostly conifers. The primary components of rosin are diterpenoids, i.e., C 20 carboxylic acids. Rosin consists mainly of resin acids, especially abietic acid. [1]
The polysaccharide components of plant cell walls are highly hydrophilic and thus permeable to water, whereas lignin is more hydrophobic. The crosslinking of polysaccharides by lignin is an obstacle for water absorption to the cell wall. Thus, lignin makes it possible for the plant's vascular tissue to conduct water efficiently. [15]
"Tar" and "pitch" can be used interchangeably.Asphalt (naturally occurring pitch) may also be called either "mineral tar" or "mineral pitch". There is a tendency to use "tar" for more liquid substances and "pitch" for more solid (viscoelastic) substances. [2]
Carbon fiber is often time produced using two main methods: through the use of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and from pitch. [1] [2] [3] Pitch is a viscoelastic material that is composed of aromatic hydrocarbons. Pitch is produced via the distillation of carbon-based materials, such as plants, crude oil, and coal.
Birch bark tar use as an adhesive began in the Middle Paleolithic. Neanderthals produced tar through dry distillation of birch bark as early as 200,000 years ago. [6] A 2019 study demonstrated that birch bark tar production can be a simpler, more discoverable process by directly burning birch bark under overhanging stone surfaces in open-air conditions. [7]
Balsam of Peru – Type of tree balsam – used in food and drink for flavoring, in perfumes and toiletries for fragrance, and in medicine and pharmaceutical items. Mastic (plant resin) – Resin traditionally obtained from the mastic tree on the island of Chios; Pitch (resin) – Natural or manufactured resin
Gutta-percha is a tree of the genus Palaquium in the family Sapotaceae. The name also refers to the rigid, naturally biologically inert , resilient, electrically nonconductive , thermoplastic latex derived from the tree, particularly from Palaquium gutta ; it is a polymer of isoprene which forms a rubber-like elastomer .