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ISGs are genes whose expression can be stimulated by interferon, but may also be stimulated by other pathways. [1] Interferons are a type of protein called a cytokine, which is produced in response to infection. [9] When released, they signal to infected cells and other nearby cells that a pathogen is present. [9]
Interferome is an online bioinformatics database of interferon-regulated genes (IRGs). [1] These Interferon Regulated Genes are also known as Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). The database contains information on type I (IFN alpha, beta), type II (IFN gamma) and type III (IFN lambda) regulated genes and is regularly updated.
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 17 kDa secreted protein that in humans is encoded by the ISG15 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] ISG15 is induced by type I interferon (IFN) and serves many functions, acting both as an extracellular cytokine and an intracellular protein modifier.
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), also known as transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) and MPYS/MITA/ERIS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STING1 gene. [ 5 ] STING plays an important role in innate immunity .
It took another fifteen to twenty years, using somatic cell genetics, to show that the interferon action gene and interferon gene reside in different human chromosomes. [71] [72] [73] The purification of human beta interferon did not occur until 1977. Y.H. Tan and his co-workers purified and produced biologically active, radio-labeled human ...
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 (commonly termed IFIT2) is a protein that in humans is directed to be produced by the IFIT2 gene. [5] [6] [7] Previously, this gene was termed the G10P2, GARG-39, IFI-54, IFI-54K, IFI54, IFIT-2, ISG-54 K, ISG-54K, ISG54, or P54 gene and the protein that it directs to be produced was termed the G10P2, GARG-39, IFI-54, IFI-54K, IFI54 ...
Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3, also known as interferon-stimulated gene 49 ... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFIT3 gene. ...
The gene encoding IFNα2, the IFNA2 gene, is clustered with all other type I IFN genes on chromosome 9 [8] and as all type I IFN genes, it is devoid of intron. [9] The open reading frame (coding sequence) of IFNA2 codes for a pre-protein of 188 amino acids with a 23 amino acid signal peptide allowing secretion of the mature protein.