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Inner hair cells are the mechanoreceptors for hearing: they transduce the vibration of sound into electrical activity in nerve fibers, which is transmitted to the brain. Outer hair cells are a motor structure. Sound energy causes changes in the shape of these cells, which serves to amplify sound vibrations in a frequency specific manner.
The posterior auricular nerve is a nerve of the head. It is a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). It communicates with branches from the vagus nerve, the great auricular nerve, and the lesser occipital nerve. Its auricular branch supplies the posterior auricular muscle, the intrinsic muscles of the auricle, and gives
Nerve supply [ edit ] Sensation of the outer surface of the tympanic membrane is supplied mainly by the auriculotemporal nerve , a branch of the mandibular nerve ( cranial nerve V 3 ), with contributions from the auricular branch of the vagus nerve ( cranial nerve X ), the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), and possibly the glossopharyngeal ...
These portions of the ear are supplied by the cervical plexus and a small portion by the facial nerve. This explains why vesicles are classically seen on the auricle in herpes infections of the facial nerve (Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II). [1] The auricle's functions are to collect sound and transform it into directional and other information.
How sounds make their way from the source to the human brain. In vertebrates, an ear is the organ that enables hearing and (in mammals) body balance using the vestibular system. In humans, the ear is described as having three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the auricle and the ear canal.
Nerves The auricular branch of the vagus nerve - "ramus auricularis nervi vagi" (also known as the Alderman's nerve) The auricular branch of the posterior auricular nerve - "ramus auricularis nervus auricularis posterioris" Arteries The auricular branch of the occipital artery - "ramus auricularis arteriae occipitalis"
This nerve, as it courses posteriorly to the condylar head, is frequently injured in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery, causing an ipsilateral paresthesia of the auricle and skin surrounding the ear. It is the main nerve that supplies the TMJ, along with branches of the masseteric nerve and the deep temporal.
The cochlea propagates these mechanical signals as waves in the fluid and membranes and then converts them to nerve impulses which are transmitted to the brain. [4] The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea.