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Lebanon is an eastern Mediterranean country that has the most religiously diverse society within the Middle East, recognizing 18 religious sects. [2] [3] The recognized religions are Islam (Sunni, Shia, Alawites, and Isma'ili), Druze, Christianity (the Maronite Church, the Antiochian Orthodox Church, the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, evangelical Protestantism, the Armenian Apostolic Church ...
Although Saladin eliminated Christian control of the Holy Land around 1190, the Crusader states in Lebanon and Syria were better defended. A map of Mount Lebanon c. AD 1180. One of the most lasting effects of the Crusades in this region was the contact between the crusaders (mainly French) and the Maronites.
The Maronites played a major part in the definition of and the creation of the state of Lebanon. The modern state of Greater Lebanon was established by France in 1920 after the instigation of ambitious Maronite leaders headed by patriarch Elias Peter Hoayek, who presided over delegations to France following World War I and requested the re ...
Hezbollah is founded in Lebanon in opposition to the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon. [4] 1988 Outgoing President Amine Gemayel appoints an unelected military government under Christian Commander-in-Chief Michel Aoun. 1990: Michel Aoun flees the country as Syrian troops enter Lebanon. End of the Lebanese civil war. [5] 1992
About 95% of the population of Lebanon is either Muslim or Christian, split across various sects and denominations. Because religious balance is a sensitive political issue, a national census has not been conducted since 1932, before the founding of the modern Lebanese state. Consequently, there is an absence of accurate data on the relative ...
Despite the religious nature of sectarian affiliations, sectarianism in Lebanon is commonly considered to be a political project, as it not only relies on, but also reproduces, complex and unstable relations between religious and sectarian affiliation, on the one hand, and politics, violence, conflict, and co-existence, on the other. [6]
In 1960 the World Lebanese Cultural Union was established under the authority of the President Fouad Chehab. [13] France has always been an important destination for the Lebanese diaspora, because Lebanon used to be administrated by the French after WWI and because French language is massively spoken in Lebanon. [14] [15] [16]
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