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It is also known by the trade name Parkerizing, especially when applied to firearms and other military equipment. [5]: 393 A phosphate coating is usually obtained by applying to the steel part a dilute solution of phosphoric acid, possibly with soluble iron, zinc, and/or manganese salts.
As the uncoated surface is water-soluble, a preferred method is to form manganese or zinc compounds by a process commonly known as parkerizing or phosphate conversion. Older, less effective but chemically similar electrochemical conversion coatings included black oxidizing, historically known as bluing or browning.
A common example is phosphoric acid, which additionally converts some iron oxide into an inert layer of ferric phosphate. [3] Most of the rust converters contain special additives. [4] They support the rust transformation and improve the wetting of the surface. Applied rust converter
The contents of the Parkerizing page were merged into Phosphate conversion coating on 23 April 2022. For the contribution history and old versions of the redirected page, please see its history ; for the discussion at that location, see its talk page .
Phosphate conversion coating#Parkerizing; From a merge: This is a redirect from a page that was merged into another page. This redirect was kept in order to preserve ...
Phosphoric acids produced from phosphate rock or thermal processes often requires purification. A common purification methods is liquid-liquid extraction, which involves the separation of phosphoric acids from water and other impurities using organic solvents, such as tributyl phosphate (TBP), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), or n-octanol ...
The term phosphate is also used in organic chemistry for the functional groups that result when one or more of the hydrogens are replaced by bonds to other groups. These acids, together with their salts and esters , include some of the best-known compounds of phosphorus, of high importance in biochemistry , mineralogy , agriculture , pharmacy ...
complexing agents, such as carboxylic acids or amines to increase phosphate solubility and to prevent the white-out phenomena by slowing the reaction. stabilizers, such as lead salts, sulfur compounds, or various organic compounds, to slow the reduction by co-depositing with the nickel. buffers, to maintain the acidity of the bath.