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  2. 2-Chlorobutane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Chlorobutane

    This is because 2-chlorobutane possesses two different sets of β-hydrogens at the first and third carbons respectively, resulting in 1-butene or 2-butene. It is important to note that as a secondary alkyl halide, both E2 and Sn2 reactions are equally likely when reacting with a substance that can act as both a base and a nucleophile.

  3. Gauche effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauche_effect

    The gauche effect is very sensitive to solvent effects, due to the large difference in polarity between the two conformers.For example, 2,3-dinitro-2,3-dimethylbutane, which in the solid state exists only in the gauche conformation, prefers the gauche conformer in benzene solution by a ratio of 79:21, but in carbon tetrachloride, it prefers the anti conformer by a ratio of 58:42. [9]

  4. Structural isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_isomer

    In contrast, 1-propanol and 2-propanol are structural isomers, but not functional isomers, since they have the same significant functional group (the hydroxyl –OH) and are both alcohols. Besides the different chemistry, functional isomers typically have very different infrared spectra. The infrared spectrum is largely determined by the ...

  5. 1,4-Dichlorobutane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,4-Dichlorobutane

    1,4-Dichlorobutane is a chloroalkane with the molecular formula (CH 2 CH 2 Cl) 2. It is one of several structural isomers of dichlorobutane. They are all colorless liquids of low flammabiltity and of interest for specialized synthetic uses.

  6. Eclipsed conformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipsed_conformation

    Below is the sawhorse and Newman representation of butane in an eclipsed conformation with the two CH 3 groups (C1 and C4) at a 0-degree angle from one another (left). If the front is rotated 60° clockwise, the butane molecule is now in a staggered conformation (right).

  7. Isomer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomer

    Discounting isomers that are equivalent under rotations, there are nine isomers that differ by this criterion, and behave as different stable substances (two of them being enantiomers of each other). The most common one in nature ( myo -inositol) has the hydroxyls on carbons 1, 2, 3 and 5 on the same side of that plane, and can therefore be ...

  8. Rotamer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotamer

    One consequence of this analysis is that trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexyl chloride cannot easily eliminate but instead undergoes substitution (see diagram below) because the most stable conformation has the bulky t-Bu group in the equatorial position, therefore the chloride group is not antiperiplanar with any vicinal hydrogen (it is gauche to all ...

  9. Stereoisomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoisomerism

    Le Bel-van't Hoff rule states that for a structure with n asymmetric carbon atoms, there is a maximum of 2 n different stereoisomers possible. As an example, D-glucose is an aldohexose and has the formula C 6 H 12 O 6. Four of its six carbon atoms are stereogenic, which means D-glucose is one of 2 4 =16 possible stereoisomers. [20] [21]