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Example of a hazard map. A hazard map is a map that highlights areas that are affected by or are vulnerable to a particular hazard. They are typically created for natural hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, flooding and tsunamis. Hazard maps help prevent serious damage and deaths. [1]
Risk control logically follows after hazard identification and risk assessment. [3] The most effective method for controlling a risk is to eliminate the hazard, but this is not always reasonably practicable. There is a recognised hierarchy of hazard controls which is listed in a generally descending order of effectiveness and preference: [3]
Examples of producing data are creating geographic data by "tracing" buildings or roads on aerial imagery, identifying refugee camps in aerial imagery. [15] These activities are usually crowdsourced to one degree or another and coordinated via online applications. Dedicated software is often used, for example based on Ushahidi or Sahana.
In hazard identification, sources of data on the risks associated with prospective hazards are identified. For instance, if a site is known to be contaminated with a variety of industrial pollutants , hazard identification will determine which of these chemicals could result in adverse human health effects, and what effects they could cause.
Disaster risk results from the interaction of three factors: hazard(s), vulnerability and exposure. [2]: 14 This is illustrated in the risk equation. Disaster risk reduction is extensive: Its scope is much broader and deeper than conventional emergency management. The objectives of DRR align with many sectors of development and humanitarian work.
Risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events. [1] [2] The results of this process may be expressed in a quantitative or qualitative fashion. Risk assessment is an inherent part of a broader risk management strategy to help reduce any potential risk-related consequences. [1] [3]
[5] [8] The more complex risk analysis tools of fault tree analysis, event tree analysis use the same principle: Things go wrong, there is a reason for that and a result too, with the result generating the adverse consequences. The bow-tie diagram introduces the concept of a central energy-based event (the "bow tie knot") in which the damaging ...
A flood insurance rate map (FIRM) is an official map of a community within the United States that displays the floodplains, more explicitly special hazard areas and risk premium zones, as delineated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). [1]