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2. Maddox rod - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddox_rod

   The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection. [1] Dissociation of the deviation is brought about by presenting a red line image to one eye and a white light to the other, while prisms are ...

3. Four prism dioptre reflex test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_prism_dioptre_reflex_test

   The Four Prism Dioptre Reflex Test (also known as the 4 PRT, or 4 Prism Dioptre Base-out Test) is an objective, non-dissociative test used to prove the alignment of both eyes (i.e. the presence of binocular single vision) by assessing motor fusion. [1] Through the use of a 4 dioptre base out prism, diplopia is induced which is the driving force ...

4. Convergence insufficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency

   The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.

5. Vision therapy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_therapy

   Near the point of convergence training, or the ability for both eyes to focus on a single point in space. Base-out prism reading, stereogram cards, computerized training programs are used to improve fusional vergence. [23] The wearing of convex lenses. [24] The wearing of concave lenses.

6. Exotropia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotropia

   Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. This disorder is characterized by an inability of ...

7. Prism correction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

   Prism dioptres. Prism correction is commonly specified in prism dioptres, a unit of angular measurement that is loosely related to the dioptre. Prism dioptres are represented by the Greek symbol delta (Δ) in superscript. A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. [2]