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A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
The pathway communicates information from chemical signals outside of a cell to the cell nucleus, resulting in the activation of genes through the process of transcription. There are three key parts of JAK-STAT signalling: Janus kinases (JAKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), and receptors (which bind the ...
The Ac Activator element is autonomous, whereas the Ds Dissociation element requires an Activator element to transpose. [1] Ac was initially discovered as enabling a Ds element to break chromosomes. Both Ac and Ds can also insert into genes, causing mutants that may revert to normal on excision of the element. [2]
Gal4 is a modular protein consisting broadly of a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. The UAS to which GAL4 binds is CGG-N 11-CCG, where N can be any base. [6] Although GAL4 is a yeast protein not normally present in other organisms it has been shown to work as a transcription activator in a variety of organisms such as Drosophila, [7] and human cells, highlighting that the same ...
Common sites of methylation associated with gene activation include H3K4, H3K48, and H3K79. Common sites for gene inactivation include H3K9 and H3K27. [ 8 ] Studies of these sites have found that methylation of histone tails at different residues serve as markers for the recruitment of various proteins or protein complexes that serve to ...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. [4] PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 . It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes. [5] PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.
The genes of the qa cluster are responsible for the catabolism of quinic acid, which is used by the fungus as a carbon source in conditions of low glucose. [7] The cluster contains a transcriptional activator qa-1F, a transcriptional repressor qa-1S, and five structural genes. The qa-1F binds to a specific DNA sequence, found upstream of the qa ...
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) can be engineered to bind to practically any desired DNA sequence, so when combined with a nuclease, DNA can be cut at specific locations. [1] The restriction enzymes can be introduced into cells, for use in gene editing or for genome editing in situ , a technique known as genome editing with ...