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Lawrence's 60-inch (152 cm) cyclotron, c. 1939, showing the beam of accelerated ions (likely protons or deuterons) exiting the machine and ionizing the surrounding air causing a blue glow. A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, [1] [2] and patented in 1932.
Cyclotron is the name of two different characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Though a minor character, he holds an important place in the history of the Justice Society as a source of power and inspiration for both the Atom and Atom Smasher .
Lawrence and Livingston drew up a design for a 27-inch (69 cm) cyclotron in early 1932. The magnet for the $800 11-inch cyclotron weighed 2 tons, but Lawrence found a massive 80-ton magnet rusting in a junkyard in Palo Alto for the 27-inch that had originally been built during World War I to power a transatlantic radio link.
Al Pratt / Atom appears in the Smallville two-part episode "Absolute Justice", portrayed by Glenn Hoffman. This version was a member of the Justice Society of America (JSA) and a physics professor at Calvin College in the 1970s who was arrested during a student protest and framed for fraud by the U.S. government, who sought to take down the JSA.
11-inch cyclotron: University of California, Berkeley 1932 Circular Proton: 1.2 MeV 27-inch cyclotron University of California, Berkeley 1932–1936 Circular Deuteron: 4.8 MeV Investigated deuteron-nucleus interactions 37-inch cyclotron University of California, Berkeley 1937–1938 Circular Deuteron 8 MeV Discovered many isotopes: 60-inch ...
The left half of Bugorski's face swelled up beyond recognition and, over the next several days, the skin started to peel, revealing the path that the proton beam had burned through parts of his face, his bone, and the brain tissue underneath. [4]
Milton Stanley Livingston (May 25, 1905 – August 25, 1986) was an American accelerator physicist, co-inventor of the cyclotron with Ernest Lawrence, and co-discoverer with Ernest Courant and Hartland Snyder of the strong focusing principle, which allowed development of modern large-scale particle accelerators.
A geonium atom is a pseudo-atomic system that consists of a single electron or ion stored in a Penning trap which is 'bound' to the remaining Earth, hence the term 'geonium'. [6] The name was coined by H.G. Dehmelt .