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The Munich Agreement [a] was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.The agreement provided for the German annexation of part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland, where more than three million people, mainly ethnic Germans, lived. [1]
The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany began with the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, continued with the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of Czechoslovakia.
The native German-speaking regions in 1930, within the borders of the current Czech Republic, which in the interwar period were referred to as the Sudetenland. The Sudetenland (/ s uː ˈ d eɪ t ən l æ n d / ⓘ soo-DAY-tən-land, German: [zuˈdeːtn̩ˌlant]; Czech and Slovak: Sudety) is a German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were ...
In elections held on 4 December 1938, 97.32% of the adult population in Sudetenland voted for the NSDAP (most of the rest were Czechs who were allowed to vote as well). About half a million Sudeten Germans joined the Nazi Party, which amounted to 17.34% of the German population in the Sudetenland (the average in Nazi Germany was 7.85%).
Hitler made a bombastic speech in Nuremberg declaring that the oppression of Sudeten Germans must end. [18] The speech was broadcast live to the United States by CBS Radio and was the first time that many Americans had ever heard Hitler speak. [19] The British cabinet held a meeting almost as soon as Hitler was finished speaking.
This was seen as a signal that Hitler had decided to put an end to Chamberlain's peace-making efforts. [2]: 447 The arrangements for the transfer were to be decided bilaterally between the Germans and the Czechs and by no one else. [5] The "memorandum" stated an ultimatum for Czech acceptance of it, expiring at 2 pm on 28 September 1938.
The Greater Germanic Reich (German: Großgermanisches Reich), fully styled the Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation (German: Großgermanisches Reich der Deutschen Nation), [4] was the official state name of the political entity that Nazi Germany tried to establish in Europe during World War II. [5]
The Carlsbad Programme (Czech: Karlovarský program, Slovak: Karlovarský program, German: Karlsbader Programm) was an eight-point series of demands, addressed to the government of Czechoslovakia, issued by Konrad Henlein, the leader of the Sudeten German Party (SdP), at a party gathering in Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary) on 24 April 1938.The programme demanded full autonomy for the mainly German ...