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The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición (IPA: [la tɾansiˈθjon]; ' the Transition ') or la Transición española (' the Spanish Transition '), is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
In the history of contemporary Spain, the death of caudillo Francisco Franco on 20 November 1975 marked the beginning of the Spanish transition to democracy, the establishment of the parliamentary monarchy and the subsequent accession of King Juan Carlos I to the throne.
Spanish transition to democracy: The transition began. 1977: 15 June: First democratic election since 1934. 1978: 27 December: The Spanish Constitution of 1978 was signed by the King. Autonomous communities of Spain: 1981: Spanish society after the democratic transition: A democratic society was established. 23 February
The Law for Political Reform (Ley de Reforma Política) of 1977, last of the Fundamental Laws and passed after Franco's death, started the Spanish transition to democracy. Constitution of 1978: 1978–present Constitutional monarchy Parliamentary democracy with bicameral, elective parliament. Currently in force.
This was followed by a transition period, which included the creation of the 1978 Spanish Constitution that still governs Spain. [37] Following Franco's death, Spain underwent massive change that culminated in the Constitution of 1978. This document returned Spain to being a country where women were guaranteed full equal rights under the law.
Transition to democracy (1975–1978) Current constitution (1978) 1981 coup d'état attempt; Madrid train bombings (2004) 2008–2014 financial crisis; 2017 Barcelona attacks; Catalan declaration of independence (2017) COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022)
During Spanish elections in the transition period, women favored centrist political parties and disavowed more the extremist elements like ETA, Herri Batasuna (HB), Catalan nationalists ERC, and Galician radicals. [1] In the transition period, HOAC, JEC, Comisiones Obreras and UGT were largely focused on the creation of a new Spanish democracy.
The Political Reform Act was the legal instrument that allowed the Spanish Transition to be carried out within the legal system established by General Francisco Franco. [8] This law established a parliamentary monarchy under Juan Carlos I and a two-chamber parliament elected by universal suffrage, and eventually led to a referendum to approve ...