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Social accounting (also known as social accounting and auditing, social accountability, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, non-financial reporting or accounting) is the process of communicating the social and environmental effects of organizations' economic actions to particular interest groups within society and to ...
Sustainability accounting (also known as social accounting, social and environmental accounting, corporate social reporting, corporate social responsibility reporting, or non-financial reporting) originated in the 1970s [1] and is considered a subcategory of financial accounting that focuses on the disclosure of non-financial information about a firm's performance to external stakeholders ...
A 2014 session by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development promoting corporate responsibility and sustainable development.. Corporate sustainability is an approach aiming to create long-term stakeholder value through the implementation of a business strategy that focuses on the ethical, social, environmental, cultural, and economic dimensions of doing business. [1]
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) or corporate social impact is a form of international private business self-regulation [1] which aims to contribute to societal goals of a philanthropic, activist, or charitable nature by engaging in, with, or supporting professional service volunteering through pro bono programs, community development ...
Even when studies have attempted to specifically measure performance about CSR, such as that by Aupperle, Carroll, and, Hatfield in 1985, using risk-adjusted profitability measures, they have reached similar conclusions: the absence of a significant relationship between CSR and corporate profitability.
Corporate social responsibility may cover: A company running its business responsibly in relation to internal stakeholders ( shareholders , employees , customers and suppliers) The role of business in relation to the state (locally and nationally) as well as to inter-state institutions or standards
In using sustainability indicators, it is important to distinguish between three types of sustainability that are often mentioned in international development: Sustainability of a culture (human system) within its resources and environment; Sustainability of a specific stream of benefits or productivity (usually just an economic measure); and
Bansal and DesJardine (2014) state that the notion of ‘time’ discriminates sustainability from CSR and other similar concepts. Whereas ethics, morality, and norms permeate CSR, sustainability only obliges businesses to make intertemporal trade-offs to safeguard intergenerational equity. [10] Short-termism is seen as the bane of ...