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A pregnancy test is used to determine whether a female is pregnant or not. The two primary methods are testing for the female pregnancy hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) in blood or urine using a pregnancy test kit, and scanning with ultrasonography. [1] Testing blood for hCG results in the earliest detection of pregnancy. [2]
The Pearl Index is sometimes used as a statistical estimation of the number of unintended pregnancies in 100 woman-years of exposure (e.g. 100 women over one year of use, or 10 women over 10 years). It is also sometimes used to compare birth control methods, a lower Pearl index representing a lower chance of getting unintentionally pregnant. [2]
Levonorgestrel pills, when used within 3 days, decrease the chance of pregnancy after a single episode of unprotected sex or condom failure by 70% (resulting in a pregnancy rate of 2.2%). [11] Ulipristal , when used within 5 days, decreases the chance of pregnancy by about 85% (pregnancy rate 1.4%) and is more effective than levonorgestrel.
Previous pregnancy tests, called A-Z tests or rabbit tests, were troublesome and time-consuming. They consisted of injecting women's urine twice a day, for three days, into mice or rabbits. [18] Then, the mice would have to be killed and scientists would examine if the mice had enlarged ovaries. This ovary growth is due to the hCG. Hogben tests ...
Day 1 [33] [34] Not pregnant: Implantation of blastocyst begins Day 20 Day 6 [33] [34] Day 0 Implantation finished Day 26 Day 12 [33] [34] Day 6 (or Day 0) Embryo stage begins; also, first missed period: 4 weeks Day 15 [33] Day 9 Primitive heart function can be detected: 5 weeks, 5 days [33] Day 26 [33] Day 20 Fetal stage begins 10 weeks, 1 day ...
As of 2022, the world record for the lowest gestational age newborn to survive is held by Curtis Zy-Keith Means, who was born on 5 July 2020 in the United States, at 21 weeks and 1 day gestational age, weighing 420 grams. [5] A preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are ...
Nutritionally, pregnant women require a caloric increase of 350 kcal/day and an increase in protein to 70 or 75 g/day. [citation needed] There is also an increased folate requirement from 0.4 to 0.8 mg/day (important in preventing neural tube defects). On average, a weight gain of 20 to 30 lb (9.1 to 13.6 kg) is experienced. [citation needed]
The typical dosage is either 1.5 mg taken once or 0.75 mg taken 12–24 hours apart. [41] The effectiveness in both methods is similar. [41] The most widely used form of oral emergency contraception is the progestin-only pill, which contains a 1.5 mg dosage of levonorgestrel. [40]
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