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Ethanol-blended fuel is widely used in Brazil, the United States, Canada, and Europe (see also Ethanol fuel by country). [2] Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 15% ethanol, [6] and ethanol represented 10% of the U.S. gasoline fuel supply derived from domestic sources in 2011. [2]
Summary of the main ethanol blends used around the world in 2013. Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles, light-duty trucks and motorcycles.
Phase behavior Triple point: 150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa Critical point: 514 K (241 °C), 63 bar Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fus H o +4.9 kJ/mol
Until 2005 Brazil was the world's top producer of ethanol fuel when it was surpassed by the United States. Together both countries were responsible in 2011 for 87.1% of the world's ethanol fuel production. [1] In 2009 Brazil produced 27.5 billion liters (7.26 billion U.S. liquid gallons), [13] representing 35.9% of the world's total ethanol ...
In the U.S., most consumer goods bear pre-tax prices, but gasoline prices are posted with taxes included. Taxes are added by federal, state, and local governments. As of 2009, the federal tax was $0.049 per liter ($0.184/U.S. gal) for gasoline and $0.064 per liter ($0.244/U.S. gal) for diesel (excluding red diesel). [104]
The purity of a gas is generally expressed as a grade prefixed with the letter N (rather than postfixed), indicating the "number of nines" in the percentage or decimal fraction. For example, a N2.0 gas is 99% (two nines) pure and 1% impurities by volume; a N6.0 gas is 99.9999% (six nines) pure, with 1 part per million (1 ppm or 1 vpm, volume ...
In 2008, oil prices rose briefly, to as high as $145 per barrel, [25] and U.S. gasoline prices jumped from $1.37 to $2.37 per gallon in 2005, [26] causing a search for alternate sources, and by 2012, less than half the US oil consumption was imported
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.