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Architectural design optimization (ADO) is a subfield of engineering that uses optimization methods to study, aid, and solve architectural design problems, such as optimal floorplan layout design, optimal circulation paths between rooms, sustainability and the like.
In a continuous-line drawing, the artist looks both at the subject and the paper, moving the medium over the paper, and creating a silhouette of the object. Like blind contour drawing, contour drawing is an artful experience that relies more on sensation than perception; it's important to be guided by instinct. [2]
An elevation is a common method of depicting the external configuration and detailing of a 3-dimensional object in two dimensions. Building façades are shown as elevations in architectural drawings and technical drawings. Elevations are the most common orthographic projection for conveying the appearance of a building from the exterior.
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project) that falls within the definition of architecture.Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal, to communicate ideas and concepts, to convince clients of the merits of a design, to assist a building ...
Perhaps the most famous example of an illusory contour is the triangle configuration popularized by Gaetano Kanizsa. [2]Kanizsa figures trigger the percept of an illusory contour by aligning circles with wedge-shaped portions removed in the visual field such that the edges form a shape.
The various features shown on the map are represented by conventional signs or symbols. For example, colors can be used to indicate a classification of roads. These signs are usually explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet. [17] [18] [19] Topographic maps are also commonly called contour maps or ...
Architectural sketches, for example, are a kind of diagram. [2] These sketches, like metaphors , are used by architects as a means of communication in aiding design collaboration. This tool helps architects to abstract attributes of hypothetical provisional design solutions and summarize their complex patterns, thereby enhancing the design process.
Early examples of what would lead to more formal technical drawing practices included the drawings and geometric calculations used to construct aqueducts, bridges, and fortresses. Technical drawings also figured in the 12th-century design of cathedrals and castles, albeit such drawings were more typically produced by artisans and stonemasons ...