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Par-4 is known to be downregulated in certain terminally differentiated cells such as neurons, specific retinal cells, and smooth muscle cells as well as in certain cancer cells such as renal cancers, neuroblastoma, and leukemia. [41] [42] Par-4 has also been shown to be generally higher in dying cells, consistent with its pro-apoptotic functions.
A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. [1] If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer. When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or reduction in its function.
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.
This gives a wider and more global view of cancer genetics, while these data are usually dispersed. [3] It includes a large iconography of about 35,000 images. Dan van Dyke said "This is one stop shopping that unifies cancer genetics information", and Lidia Larizza said that the Atlas was an "interdisciplinary resource".
[3] [4] [5] Manipulation of epigenetic alterations holds great promise for cancer prevention, detection, and therapy. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In different types of cancer, a variety of epigenetic mechanisms can be perturbed, such as the silencing of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes by altered CpG island methylation patterns, histone ...
Public policy has protected people against genetic discrimination, defined in Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (2001) as unequal treatment of persons with either known genetic abnormalities or the inherited propensity for disease; genetic discrimination may have a negative effect on employability, insurability and other socio-economic variables.
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist . [ 1 ] The name's etymological origin is the Greek word ὄγκος ( ónkos ), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass". [ 2 ]
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1 (/ ˌ b r æ k ə ˈ w ʌ n /) gene. [5] Orthologs are common in other vertebrate species, whereas invertebrate genomes may encode a more distantly related gene. [ 6 ]