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2. Cox maze procedure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox_maze_procedure

   The Cox maze procedure, also known as maze procedure, is a type of heart surgery for atrial fibrillation. "Maze" refers to the series of incisions arranged in a maze-like pattern in the atria. Today, various methods of minimally invasive maze procedures, collectively named minimaze procedures, are used.

3. Minimaze procedure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimaze_procedure

   James Cox, MD, and associates developed the "maze" or "Cox maze" procedure, an "open-heart" cardiac surgery procedure intended to eliminate atrial fibrillation, and performed the first one in 1987. [1] "Maze" refers to the series of incisions arranged in a maze-like pattern in the atria. The intention was to eliminate AF by using incisional ...

4. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_cardiac...

   Off-pump is also known as beating heart surgery. [citation needed] Minimally invasive heart surgery has been used as an alternative to traditional surgery for the following procedures: Coronary artery bypass; Mitral valve repair; Mitral valve replacement; Aortic valve replacement; Atrial septal defects; Hybrid coronary revascularization

5. Atrial fibrillation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

   Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. [11] [12] It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating, which become longer or continuous over time. [4]

6. Cardiac surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgery

   Cardiac surgery, or cardiovascular surgery, is a surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons.It is often used to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, with coronary artery bypass grafting); to correct congenital heart disease; or to treat valvular heart disease from various causes, including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, [1] and ...

7. Acute decompensated heart failure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_decompensated_heart...

   Valve repair is where the valve that is causing heart failure is modified by removing excess valve tissues that cause them to close too tightly. In some cases, annuloplasty is required to replace the ring around the valves. If the repair of the valve is not possible, it is replaced by an artificial heart valve. The final step is heart replacement.