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The entire project, requiring 100,000 tons of structural steel, was expected to cost $6.2 billion as of July 2005, up from a 1997 estimate of $1.1 billion (for a simple viaduct) and a March 2003 estimate of $2.6 billion that included a tower span.
A 2019 study commissioned by Pierce County from InfraStrategies LLC projected a total cost of $168.1 million, adjusted for inflation in 2026, to replace the bridge if it was built over 2025-2026.
Beam and block is a construction method to support flooring, especially for ground floors as well as multi story buildings. [1] It is made of cast concrete , one piece of which is a prestressed concrete beam , which can be an inverted T-shaped beam, or lintel, the other piece being a simple rectangular block. [ 1 ]
In reinforced concrete buildings, masonry infill walls are considered non-structural elements, but damage to infills can lead to large repair costs and change the behaviour of a structure, even leading to aforementioned soft-storey or beam-column joint shear failures. Local failure of the infill panels due to in and out-of-plane mechanisms, but ...
In an effort to repair the damaged roof at a cost-saving, Parks Department officials elected to place the wood shake over the existing cement shingles. Engineers Rangaswamy, Hatfield and Associates were paid $2,000 on October 6, 1978, for detailing needed structural repairs to damaged support beams.
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Various structural steel shapes. Structural steel is a category of steel used for making construction materials in a variety of shapes. Many structural steel shapes take the form of an elongated beam having a profile of a specific cross section.
Cellular beam is a further development of the traditional castellated beam. [1] The advantage of the steel beam castellation process is that it increases strength without adding weight, making both versions an inexpensive solution to achieve maximum structural load capacity in building construction .