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In cooking, a leavening agent (/ ˈ l ɛ v ən ɪ ŋ /) or raising agent, also called a leaven (/ ˈ l ɛ v ən /) or leavener, is any one of a number of substances used in doughs and batters that cause a foaming action (gas bubbles) that lightens and softens the mixture.
The adjective chametz is derived from the common Semitic root Ḥ-M-Ṣ, relating to bread, leavening, and baking. The related noun chimutz is the process of leavening or fermenting. It is cognate to the Aramaic חמע , "to ferment, leaven" and the Arabic حَمْض ḥamḍ , "acid", حَمُضَ ḥamuḍa "to be sour", "to become acidic ...
Beer bread – Bread baked with beer in the dough; Biscuit – Type of bread; Boortsog – a traditional fried dough food found in the cuisines of Central Asia, Idel-Ural, and Mongolia; Brown bread – Whole grain bread; Bun – Bread-based food; Bush bread – Seedcakes baked by Aboriginal Australians; Carrot bread – Bread featuring carrots
Holy Leaven is a powder added to sacramental bread before it is baked. [4] Despite the name, Holy Leaven does not actually contain a leavening agent. [4] Instead, khmira, fermented dough from previously used sacramental bread, is added and acts as leaven. [6]
A microwave oven does not pose this problem. Food and cookware taken out of a microwave oven are rarely much hotter than 100 °C (212 °F). Cookware used in a microwave oven is often much cooler than the food because the cookware is transparent to microwaves; the microwaves heat the food directly and the cookware is indirectly heated by the food.
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The sponge and dough method is a two-step bread making process: in the first step a sponge is made and allowed to ferment for a period of time, and in the second step the sponge is added to the final dough's ingredients, [1] creating the total formula. [2] In this usage, synonyms for sponge are yeast starter or yeast pre-ferment.
Over time, ovens have become more high-tech in terms of cooking strategy. The microwave as a cooking tool was discovered by Percy Spencer in 1946, and with help from engineers, the microwave oven was patented. [12] The microwave oven uses microwave radiation to excite water molecules in food, causing friction and thus producing heat. [13]