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Sol Invictus (Classical Latin: [ˈsoːɫ ɪnˈwɪktʊs], "Invincible Sun" or "Unconquered Sun") was the official sun god of the late Roman Empire and a later version of the god Sol. The emperor Aurelian revived his cult in 274 AD and promoted Sol Invictus as the chief god of the empire.
Mithras is depicted looking to Sol Invictus as he slays the bull. Sol and Luna appear at the top of the relief. Beck theorizes that the cult was created in Rome, by a single founder who had some knowledge of both Greek and Oriental religion, but suggests that some of the ideas used may have passed through the Hellenistic kingdoms.
Sol is the personification of the Sun and a god in ancient Roman religion.It was long thought that Rome actually had two different, consecutive sun gods: The first, Sol Indiges (Latin: the deified sun), was thought to have been unimportant, disappearing altogether at an early period.
In Syria, the cult of Elagabalus was popular and well established. In Rome, it was a foreign and (according to some ancient sources) disgusting Eastern novelty. In 220 AD, the priest Elagabalus replaced Jupiter with the god Elagabalus as sol invictus (the unconquered Sun) and thereafter neglected his Imperial role as pontifex maximus.
The cult stone or baetyl was taken to Rome by the Emperor Elagabalus, who, before his accession, was the hereditary high priest at Emesa and was commonly called Elagabalus after the deity. [10] The Syrian deity was assimilated with the Roman sun god known as Sol and became known as Sol Invictus ("the unconquered Sun") among the Romans.
Sol Invictus, or Christ depicted in his guise. 3rd century AD. Salacia, goddess of seawater, wife of Neptune. Salus, goddess of the public welfare of the Roman people; came to be equated with the Greek Hygieia. Sancus, god of loyalty, honesty, and oaths. Saturn, a titan, god of harvest and agriculture, the father of Jupiter, Neptune, Juno, and ...
The Historia Augusta describes her as "priestess of Sol", whose worship Aurelian promoted as Emperor (Sol Invictus). [13] These two propositions, together with the tradition that the clan Aurelius had been entrusted with the maintenance of that deity's cult in Rome, inspired the notion that this could explain the devotion to the sun-god that ...
A priest in the cult of Elagabalus was called a sacerdos Solis, [6] while Elagabalus's cult was called the Sol Invictus Elagabal. [6] The priesthood of Balbillus began at an unknown date before the end of the second century. [1] From the surviving inscriptions, it is revealed that Balbillus enjoyed imperial favour from the Severan dynasty. [7]