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Richter illustrates caste system in Ivory Coast, with six sub-caste categories. Unlike other parts of the world, mobility is sometimes possible within sub-castes, but not across caste lines. Farmers and artisans have been, claims Richter, distinct castes. Certain sub-castes are shunned more than others.
The caste system became legally rigid during the Raj, when the British started to enumerate castes during their ten-year census and meticulously codified the system. [ 189 ] [ 167 ] Between 1860 and 1920, the British incorporated the caste system into their system of governance, granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the ...
Caste system in Sri Lanka This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 00:08 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ...
The caste system has traditionally had significant influence over people's access to power. The privileged upper caste groups benefit more by gaining substantially more economic and political power, while the lower caste groups have limited access to those powers. The caste system distributes to different castes different economic strengths.
Zamindars (a landowning class) and Kammis, service-providing castes, are hierarchical groups in Pakistani Punjabi villages [42] which are based on parental occupation. [42] In the Seyp system (contract labour), the Kammis provide work and services and receive favours, food, money, crops, and grains. [43]
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The plan was meant to prevent the government from diverting funds meant for SCs and STs to other programs, which was historically the case. As of 2013, no equivalent national plan existed. [211] Scheduled Castes Sub Plan and Tribal Sub-Plan funds are often diverted by state governments to other purposes. [212]
A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government.