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d'Hérelle was a self-taught microbiologist. In 1917 he discovered that "an invisible antagonist", when added to bacteria on agar, would produce areas of dead bacteria. The antagonist, now known to be a bacteriophage, could pass through a Chamberland filter. He accurately diluted a suspension of these viruses and discovered that the highest ...
Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
Frederick William Twort FRS [1] (22 October 1877 – 20 March 1950) was an English bacteriologist and was the original discoverer in 1915 of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). [4]
The first human virus to be identified was the yellow fever virus. [6] In 1881, Carlos Finlay (1833–1915), a Cuban physician, first conducted and published research that indicated that mosquitoes were carrying the cause of yellow fever, [ 7 ] a theory proved in 1900 by commission headed by Walter Reed (1851–1902).
Delbrück, through his charm and enthusiasm, brought many biologists (and physicists) into phage research in the early 1940s (see:Charles Steinberg). [ 22 ] In 1944, Delbrück promoted the "Phage Treaty", a call for phage researchers to focus on a limited number of phage and bacterial strains, with standardized experimental conditions.
The human phageome is thought to be brought about in newborns through prophage induction of bacteria passed on from the mother vaginally during birth. [12] However, phages can be introduced through breastfeeding, made evident through studies finding near-exact matches of crAssphage sequences between mother and child. [ 12 ]
[32] [33] A summary of these publications was published in English in 2009 in "A Literature Review of the Practical Application of Bacteriophage Research". [34] There is an extensive library and research center at the George Eliava Institute in Tbilisi, Georgia. Phage therapy is today a widespread form of treatment in that region. [25] [24]
Bacteriophage Lambda Structure at Atomic Resolution [1] Enterobacteria phage λ (lambda phage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli (E. coli). It was discovered by Esther Lederberg in 1950. [2]