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For the list of predominantly solid-fueled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fueled orbital launch systems. Spacecraft propulsion [note 1] is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. Orbital launch systems are rockets and other systems capable of placing payloads into or beyond Earth orbit.
[a] Three countries (France, Italy [3] and the United Kingdom) formerly had such an independent capability. In all cases where a country has conducted independent human spaceflights (as of 2021, three — China, the Soviet Union/Russia, and the United States), these launches were preceded by independent uncrewed launch capability.
ISRO's launch vehicles. Left to right: SLV, ASLV, PSLV, GSLV, LVM3 RLV Human Rated Launch Vehicle (HRLV) Vikram series, the under development orbital class launch family of Skyroot Aerospace in comparison with already flown Vikram S, the sounding rocket ISRO/DoS systems. SLV-3 – Retired; Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) – Retired
Space Centre Australia secured land for main site facilities for space launch, located 43km east of Weipa, close to RAAF Scherger in 2023. [91] Final approvals may come under Mokwiri Aboriginal Corporation. [91] Previously a Cape York Space Agency was established by the government to develop a facility for Ukrainian Zenit launches at
Government space agencies, established by governments of countries and regional agencies (groupings of countries) are established as a means for advocating for engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and/or space exploration. The listings summarize all countries' and regional authorities' space agencies ...
This list of space stations is grouped by countries responsible for their operations. The space stations where multiple countries are responsible for their operations are listed separately. Planned and canceled space stations are excluded from this list.
Country Payload Carrier rocket Launch site Date (UTC) Lebanon [30] ARZ-3 Ceadar-3: Dbayeh: 21 November 1962 Yemen [31] Warhead Burkan-2: Sa'dah: 4 November 2017 Sealand [32] Postcard New Shepard: Corn Ranch, Launch Site One 13 October 2020 13:36 British Antarctic Territory [33] Postcard New Shepard: Corn Ranch, Launch Site One 14 January 2021 16:57
Countries represented only by suborbital space flyers are shaded. Note: citizens from the now-defunct East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet Union have also flown in space. Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 48 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed.