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The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station that was assembled and is maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada). The ISS is the largest space station ever built.
Rotating wheel space station. Wernher von Braun 1952 concept. A rotating wheel space station, also known as a von Braun wheel, is a concept for a hypothetical wheel-shaped space station. Originally proposed by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in 1903, [1] the idea was expanded by Herman Potočnik in 1929, [2] and popularized by Wernher von Braun in 1952. [3]
The Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM) connects habitable elements in the US Orbital Segment (USOS) of the International Space Station (ISS). The CBM has two distinct sides that, once mated, form a cylindrical vestibule between modules. The vestibule is about 16 inches (0.4 m) long and 6 feet (1.8 m) across.
Fish-eye lens view of the interior of Cupola with shutters closed Berthing operations within Cupola. The International Space Station Cupola was first conceived in 1987 by Space Station Man-Systems Architectural Control Manager Gary Kitmacher as a workstation for operating the station's Canadarm2 robotic arm, maneuvering vehicles outside the station, and observing and supporting spacewalks.
The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station.
An artist's rendering from 2006 of the fully assembled International Space Station, as it would appear from a spacecraft flying overhead Jerry Ross during one of the first spacewalks that began assembly of the International Space Station. On the International Space Station (ISS), extravehicular activities are major events in the building and ...
Fuel consumption increases exponentially the closer to Earth the orbit is. The International Space Station (ISS) originally orbited at an average of 350 km (217 mi) from Earth, but was boosted to an average of 400 km (248 mi) in 2011. [14] This allowed the ISS to go from an average fuel use of 8,600 kg per year to 3,600 kg per year.
Small station-keeping orbital maneuvers were executed approximately monthly to maintain the spacecraft in the station-keeping orbit. [ 1 ] The James Webb Space Telescope will use propellant to maintain its halo orbit around the Earth-Sun L2, which provides an upper limit to its designed lifetime: it is being designed to carry enough for ten ...