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Gabapentin, sold under the brand name Neurontin among others, is an anticonvulsant medication primarily used to treat partial seizures and neuropathic pain. [7] [10] It is a commonly used medication for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and central pain. [11]
In most cases, gabapentinoid drugs do not seem to directly alter the action of VGCC and instead reduce the release of certain excitatory neurotransmitters [16] (however, see [17]). The gabapentinoids do not bind significantly to other known drug receptors and so the α 2 δ VGCC subunit has been called the gabapentin receptor.
Known off-label uses where doctors prescribe gabapentin include as a treatment for hot flashes, restless leg syndrome, mood disorders, anxiety, and to diminish nerve pain related to diabetes or ...
Pregabalin and gabapentin may reduce pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. [28] [26] [29] [30] The anticonvulsants carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are especially effective in trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine is a voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor, and reduces neuronal excitability by preventing depolarisation. [31]
Common anticonvulsants used to treat neuropathy are gabapentinoids (calcium channel blockers) and carbamazapine (sodium channel blocker). [8] There is some evidence that anticonvulsants may also help with inflammatory pain through reduction of nociceptor hyper-excitability originally due to damage to surrounding tissue. [9] Examples: Gabapentin ...
Peripheral neuropathy may be classified according to the number and distribution of nerves affected (mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, or polyneuropathy), the type of nerve fiber predominantly affected (motor, sensory, autonomic), or the process affecting the nerves; e.g., inflammation (), compression (compression neuropathy), chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy).