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The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain. These include the striatum, (composed of the putamen and caudate nucleus), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and the subthalamic nucleus. Along with other structures, the basal ganglia are part of a neural circuit that is integral to voluntary motor function. [1]
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei ... The following is a list of disorders, conditions, and symptoms that have been linked to the basal ganglia: [citation needed ...
Symptoms categorized as medically tested and diagnosed include iron accumulation in the brain, basal ganglia cavitation, and neurodegeneration. [4] Patients who are diagnosed with neuroferritinopathy have abnormal iron accumulation in the brain within the neurons and glia of the striatum and cerebellar cortices. [3]
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. [1] CBD symptoms typically begin in people from 50 to 70 years of age, and typical survival before death is eight years.
Primary familial brain calcification [1] (PFBC), also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) and Fahr's disease, [1] is a rare, [2] genetically dominant or recessive, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement.
Biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) is a rare disease that affects the nervous system, particularly the basal ganglia in the brain. [4] It is a treatable neurometabolic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance.
The basal ganglia are involved in hyperkinesia. The causes of the majority of the above hyperkinetic movements can be traced to improper modulation of the basal ganglia by the subthalamic nucleus. In many cases, the excitatory output of the subthalamic nucleus is reduced, leading to a reduced inhibitory outflow of the basal ganglia.
The metabolic activity of dopamine transporters in the basal ganglia can be directly measured with positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography scans. It has shown high agreement with clinical diagnoses of PD. [115] Reduced dopamine-related activity in the basal ganglia can help exclude drug-induced Parkinsonism.