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  2. Permutation test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_test

    The hypothesis is that the mean of the first distribution is higher than the mean of the second; the null hypothesis is that both groups of samples are drawn from the same distribution. There are 126 distinct ways to put 4 values into one group and 5 into another (9-choose-4 or 9-choose-5).

  3. Sampling distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_distribution

    In statistics, a sampling distribution or finite-sample distribution is the probability distribution of a given random-sample-based statistic.If an arbitrarily large number of samples, each involving multiple observations (data points), were separately used in order to compute one value of a statistic (such as, for example, the sample mean or sample variance) for each sample, then the sampling ...

  4. Sampling (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)

    Choice-based sampling or oversampling is one of the stratified sampling strategies. In choice-based sampling, [13] the data are stratified on the target and a sample is taken from each stratum so that rarer target classes will be more represented in the sample. The model is then built on this biased sample. The effects of the input variables on ...

  5. Test statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_statistic

    the exact sampling distribution of T under the null hypothesis is the binomial distribution with parameters 0.5 and 100. the value of T can be compared with its expected value under the null hypothesis of 50, and since the sample size is large, a normal distribution can be used as an approximation to the sampling distribution either for T or ...

  6. Glossary of probability and statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_probability...

    Also confidence coefficient. A number indicating the probability that the confidence interval (range) captures the true population mean. For example, a confidence interval with a 95% confidence level has a 95% chance of capturing the population mean. Technically, this means that, if the experiment were repeated many times, 95% of the CIs computed at this level would contain the true population ...

  7. Pearson's chi-squared test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson's_chi-squared_test

    A test of homogeneity compares the distribution of counts for two or more groups using the same categorical variable (e.g. choice of activity—college, military, employment, travel—of graduates of a high school reported a year after graduation, sorted by graduation year, to see if number of graduates choosing a given activity has changed ...

  8. Two-sample hypothesis testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-sample_hypothesis_testing

    In statistical hypothesis testing, a two-sample test is a test performed on the data of two random samples, each independently obtained from a different given population. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the difference between these two populations is statistically significant .

  9. Gibbs sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs_sampling

    A blocked Gibbs sampler groups two or more variables together and samples from their joint distribution conditioned on all other variables, rather than sampling from each one individually. For example, in a hidden Markov model , a blocked Gibbs sampler might sample from all the latent variables making up the Markov chain in one go, using the ...