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Pandoc is a free-software document converter, widely used as a writing tool (especially by scholars) [2] and as a basis for publishing workflows. [3] It was created by John MacFarlane , a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley .
The bfloat16 format, being a shortened IEEE 754 single-precision 32-bit float, allows for fast conversion to and from an IEEE 754 single-precision 32-bit float; in conversion to the bfloat16 format, the exponent bits are preserved while the significand field can be reduced by truncation (thus corresponding to round toward 0) or other rounding ...
An image conversion program does not convert a PCX image to PNG directly; instead, when loading the PCX image, it decodes it to a simple bitmap format for internal use in memory, and when commanded to convert to PNG, that memory image is converted to the target format. An audio converter that converts from FLAC to AAC decodes the source file to ...
This variant of the round-to-nearest method is also called convergent rounding, statistician's rounding, Dutch rounding, Gaussian rounding, odd–even rounding, [6] or bankers' rounding. [ 7 ] This is the default rounding mode used in IEEE 754 operations for results in binary floating-point formats.
interchange formats: encodings (bit strings) that may be used to exchange floating-point data in an efficient and compact form; rounding rules: properties to be satisfied when rounding numbers during arithmetic and conversions; operations: arithmetic and other operations (such as trigonometric functions) on arithmetic formats
The otherwise binary Wang VS machine supported a 64-bit decimal floating-point format in 1977. [2] The Motorola 68881 supported a format with 17 digits of mantissa and 3 of exponent in 1984, with the floating-point support library for the Motorola 68040 processor providing a compatible 96-bit decimal floating-point storage format in 1990. [2]
The IEEE 754 standard [9] specifies a binary16 as having the following format: Sign bit: 1 bit; Exponent width: 5 bits; Significand precision: 11 bits (10 explicitly stored) The format is laid out as follows: The format is assumed to have an implicit lead bit with value 1 unless the exponent field is stored with all zeros.
Variable-length arithmetic operations are considerably slower than fixed-length format floating-point instructions. When high performance is not a requirement, but high precision is, variable length arithmetic can prove useful, though the actual accuracy of the result may not be known.